How Does Borax Serve as a Versatile Boron Source and Industrial Agent?
Technical Introduction
Borax, or sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O), is a white crystalline powder and a water-soluble boron compound.
It contains approximately 11–12% boron (B) and is widely used in agriculture, industry, and household applications.
In plants, boron is essential for cell wall formation, sugar transport, reproductive development, and stress tolerance.
Applications
1. Agriculture & Horticulture
Micronutrient Fertilizer: Supplies boron to crops like fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
Soil Amendment: Improves boron availability in alkaline and calcareous soils.
Seed Treatment: Enhances germination and early seedling vigor.
2. Industrial Uses
Glass & Ceramics: Enhances thermal resistance and durability.
Detergents & Cleaning Agents: Acts as a water softener and pH buffer.
Adhesives & Flame Retardants: Used in resins and polymers.
3. Household & Laboratory Uses
Pest Control: Component in some insecticides and antifungal agents.
Buffering Agent: Used in laboratory and chemical synthesis applications.
Advantages
Water-Soluble Boron Source: Easily absorbed by plants.
Versatile Applications: Effective in agriculture, industry, and household uses.
Stable and Safe: Long shelf life under dry storage conditions.
Cost-Effective: Provides boron economically compared to pure boric acid in some cases.
Typical Parameters
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O |
| Boron (B) Content | ~11–12% |
| Sodium (Na) Content | ~16–17% |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Solubility in Water | 57 g/L at 20°C |
| pH (5% solution) | 9–10 |
| Purity | ≥ 99% |
| Shelf Life | 3 years in sealed, dry packaging |
FAQs
Q1: What is the difference between borax and boric acid?
A1: Borax is a sodium borate with ~11–12% boron, slightly alkaline, while boric acid is a direct boron source (~17–18% B) and mildly acidic.
Q2: Can borax be used for foliar application?
A2: Yes, but concentrations should be carefully controlled (0.1–0.3%) to avoid leaf burn.
Q3: Is borax safe for crops, animals, and humans?
A3: Safe at recommended doses; excessive intake can be toxic.
Q4: How quickly does borax correct boron deficiency?
A4: Foliar sprays show improvement in days; soil applications release boron gradually.
Q5: How should borax be stored?
A5: Keep in a dry, cool, and ventilated area, sealed to prevent moisture absorption.
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