Bromopropylate: A Contact Acaricide for Effective Mite Control

Technical Introduction

Bromopropylate (IUPAC name: isopropyl 4,4′-dibromobenzilate) is a contact acaricide that has been used extensively in fruit and vegetable production since the 1970s. It belongs to the benzilate chemical class and is highly specific against mites, especially spider mites (Tetranychidae).

Its mode of action is primarily as a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor, disrupting cellular respiration in mites. This leads to paralysis and death. Bromopropylate is particularly effective against adult mites, with limited activity on eggs and larvae.

Although gradually replaced by newer acaricides with broader spectra and systemic activity (e.g., spirodiclofen, abamectin), Bromopropylate remains valued in some regions due to its fast knockdown effect and low mammalian toxicity.

Applications

• Fruit Crops:

  • Widely used in citrus, apples, pears, peaches, and grapes.

  • Effective against spider mites (Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi).

• Vegetables:

  • Applied in greenhouse crops such as cucumbers, peppers, and tomatoes where mite infestations are common.

• Ornamental Plants:

  • Used in greenhouse ornamentals to manage mite infestations.

• Specialty Crops:

  • Employed in tea and other plantation crops against mite pests.

Advantages

• Fast Knockdown: Rapid action against adult mites.

• Selective Activity: Targets mites while leaving many beneficial insects relatively unharmed.

• Contact Mode of Action: Effective when applied as foliar sprays with good coverage.

• Low Toxicity to Mammals: Considered moderately safe compared to older organophosphate acaricides.

• Resistance Management Tool: When rotated with other acaricide classes, helps delay resistance buildup.

Specifications (Typical Parameters)

FAQ

Q1: What stages of mites does Bromopropylate control best?
A: It is most effective against adult mites, with limited efficacy on eggs and immature stages.

Q2: Is Bromopropylate systemic?
A: No, it is a non-systemic, contact acaricide. Good spray coverage is essential for maximum effect.

Q3: How does Bromopropylate compare with Spirodiclofen or Abamectin?

• Bromopropylate: Fast knockdown, mainly adult control.

• Spirodiclofen: Lipid synthesis inhibitor, strong on eggs and immature stages.

• Abamectin: Translaminar acaricide, strong activity on larvae and adults, fast acting.
  → Best results come from rotation of these products to avoid resistance.

Q4: Is it safe for pollinators?
A: Bromopropylate is considered relatively safe for bees when applied at recommended rates, but spraying during flowering should still be avoided.

Q5: Why is Bromopropylate restricted in some countries?
A: Due to its aquatic toxicity and persistence, it is restricted in regions with strong environmental regulations, though still used where registered.