What Makes Calcium Ammonium Nitrate a Reliable Nitrogen Fertilizer for Crops

Introduction to Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) is a widely used nitrogen fertilizer that provides crops with a balanced and efficient nitrogen source. It contains both ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻), making it fast-acting yet long-lasting. CAN also includes calcium, which improves soil structure and enhances nutrient uptake. Its dual-nutrient profile supports plant growth, particularly in acidic soils.

Chemical Composition and Structure
The typical composition of CAN is about 27% total nitrogen, with roughly half in nitrate form and half in ammonium form. It also contains around 8% calcium. The presence of calcium carbonate or dolomite helps reduce soil acidification and improves fertilizer handling characteristics, especially under humid storage conditions.

Agronomic Benefits of CAN
CAN delivers several key agronomic advantages:

• Dual nitrogen release: Nitrate offers immediate uptake, while ammonium provides sustained release.

• Improved plant uptake: Calcium enhances root strength and nutrient absorption.

• pH buffering: The calcium content helps counteract soil acidification caused by other nitrogen sources.

• Compatibility: CAN is compatible with most other fertilizers and safe for a wide range of crops.

Application in Crop Production
CAN is suitable for various crops including cereals (like wheat and maize), vegetables (such as potatoes and onions), fruit trees, pastures, and horticultural plants. It is often applied as a top dressing during the active growing season. The balanced nitrogen form supports leafy growth, protein synthesis, and overall crop vigor.

Environmental and Safety Profile
CAN is considered a safer alternative to pure ammonium nitrate due to its reduced explosiveness. It is less volatile than urea, meaning less nitrogen is lost to the atmosphere as ammonia. However, care must still be taken to avoid runoff and leaching into water bodies, particularly when used near wetlands or in rainy seasons.

Storage and Handling
CAN is less hygroscopic than ammonium nitrate and maintains granule integrity better in storage. It should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated place to prevent clumping. CAN is also less prone to caking and easier to spread uniformly in the field.

Limitations of CAN

• Not suitable for foliar application.

• Higher cost compared to urea in some regions.

• Nitrate leaching can occur if overapplied or applied before heavy rainfall.
  Proper management is essential to maximize benefits and reduce environmental impact.

FAQ About Calcium Ammonium Nitrate

Q1: What is the main advantage of CAN over urea?
CAN provides both immediate and sustained nitrogen release and includes calcium, which improves soil health. Urea, while cheaper, is more prone to volatilization losses.

Q2: Can CAN be used in all soil types?
Yes, but it is especially beneficial in acidic soils due to its calcium content, which helps neutralize soil acidity.

Q3: How should CAN be applied for best results?
Apply as a top dressing during early to mid-growth stages. Avoid application before heavy rain to reduce leaching.

Q4: Is CAN safe to store and handle?
Yes, CAN is relatively stable and safe to handle. However, like all fertilizers, it should be stored in a dry, cool area away from incompatible substances.

Q5: Can it be mixed with other fertilizers?
Yes, CAN is compatible with many other fertilizers. However, avoid mixing with alkaline materials or strong acids.